Uh-oh. You’ve spotted a crack in your basement wall. Is it a big deal… or just a harmless blemish? Some cracks are totally normal, but others can spell serious trouble for your foundation. Yikes.
Calling all homeowners! Distinguishing between harmless and hazardous basement wall cracks is crucial. Recognizing the serious ones early can protect you from countless difficulties (and costs) later on. So, what’s the best way to know if your basement wall cracks are something to be alarmed about?
We’ve got you covered. Let’s dive into the warning signs that your basement wall cracks mean business.
Common Causes of Basement Wall Cracks
Basement wall cracks are more common than you might think. And they’re not always a sign of something serious. But sometimes they are.
1. Soil expansion and contraction
One of the most common causes of basement wall cracks is soil expansion and contraction. The soil around your foundation expands when it gets wet and contracts when it dries out. This constant movement puts pressure on your foundation walls, causing them to crack.
2. Improper drainage
Another common cause of basement wall cracks is improper drainage. If water isn’t draining away from your foundation, it can build up and cause hydrostatic pressure. This pressure can force water through cracks in your foundation, causing them to widen over time. It can also cause your foundation to settle unevenly, which can lead to even more cracks.
3. Foundation settling
Foundation settling is another common cause of basement wall cracks. As your home settles over time, it can put stress on your foundation walls, causing them to crack. This is usually nothing to worry about. But if you see cracks that are wider than 1/4 inch or that are growing rapidly, it could be a sign of a more serious foundation problem.
Types of Basement Wall Cracks
Not all basement wall cracks are created equal. Some are more serious than others. Here are the most common types of basement wall cracks:
1. Vertical cracks
Vertical cracks are the most common type of basement wall crack. They run straight up and down and are usually caused by settling or shrinkage. These cracks are usually nothing to worry about. But if they’re wider than 1/4 inch or if they’re growing rapidly, they could be a sign of a more serious problem.
2. Horizontal cracks
Horizontal cracks are less common than vertical cracks, but they’re usually more serious. They run side to side and are often caused by hydrostatic pressure or soil pressure. If you see a horizontal crack in your basement wall, it’s important to have it checked out by a professional. These cracks can weaken your foundation and lead to even more serious problems.
3. Diagonal cracks
Diagonal cracks are usually caused by settling or shifting. They run at an angle and can be either vertical or horizontal. Like vertical cracks, diagonal cracks are usually nothing to worry about. But if they’re wider than 1/4 inch or growing rapidly, they could be a sign of a more serious problem.
4. Stair-Step cracks
Stair-step cracks are common in brick and block foundations. They follow the mortar joints and look like a staircase. These cracks are usually caused by settling or shifting. But they can also be caused by poor construction or inferior materials. If you see stair-step cracks in your basement walls, it’s important to have them checked out by a professional. They could be a sign of a serious problem that requires professional foundation repair.
Structural vs. Non-Structural Wall Cracks
When it comes to basement wall cracks, there are two main types: structural and non-structural.
Structural Cracks are usually wider than 1/4 inch and run diagonally across the wall. They can also be accompanied by bowing or leaning walls. These cracks are a sign of serious foundation problems and should be repaired as soon as possible. If left unchecked, they can lead to even more serious damage, like a collapsed foundation.
Non-structural Cracks are usually thinner than 1/4 inch and run vertically or horizontally. They’re often caused by settling, shrinkage, or minor shifting. While these cracks aren’t usually a sign of a serious problem, they can still allow water and pests into your home. That’s why it’s important to have them repaired as soon as possible.
When Non-Structural Cracks Become a Concern
Even small, non-structural cracks can become a problem if they allow water to seep into the basement. Water infiltration can lead to mold growth, damage to interior finishes, and even foundation issues if left unchecked.
Cracks That Allow Water Infiltration
We’ve seen it time and time again – a homeowner spots a small, seemingly harmless crack in their basement wall and thinks nothing of it. But fast forward a few months, and that tiny crack has become a major headache, allowing water to seep in during every heavy rainstorm. The problem with water infiltration is that it rarely stays contained.
Once moisture finds its way into your basement through a crack, it can quickly lead to a host of other issues like mold growth, musty odors, and damage to your walls, floors, and personal belongings.
That’s why it’s so important to address even minor cracks that allow water seepage. Sealing these cracks with hydraulic cement or polyurethane injection can help prevent water intrusion and all the problems that come with it.
Cracks That Widen Over Time
Another red flag to watch out for is cracks that gradually widen over time. While these cracks may not pose an immediate threat, they could be a sign of an underlying issue, such as soil settlement or minor foundation movement. In my experience, it’s always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to foundation cracks.
If you notice a crack growing wider, longer, or more pronounced over time, it’s worth having a professional take a look. A foundation repair expert can assess the crack, determine the underlying cause, and recommend the best course of action.
In many cases, catching and repairing these cracks early on can prevent more serious and costly damage down the road.
3 Common Repair Solutions for Structural Wall Cracks
Structural cracks in your foundation walls are no joke. These cracks, often caused by excessive pressure or foundation settlement, can compromise the integrity of your entire home if left unaddressed. Fortunately, there are several effective basement wall repair solutions available.
1. Carbon fiber reinforcement
One of the most innovative and minimally invasive repair methods for structural cracks is carbon fiber reinforcement. This technique involves epoxying strips of ultra-strong carbon fiber material directly onto the damaged wall. The carbon fiber works to stabilize the wall, preventing further cracking or bowing. This method can restore the strength and stability of a compromised basement wall, without the need for extensive excavation or costly reconstruction.
Plus, once the repair is complete, the carbon fiber strips can be painted over, making them virtually invisible. It’s a great option for homeowners who want a reliable, long-lasting solution that won’t detract from their home’s appearance.
2. Steel I-beam installation
For more severe cases of structural damage, steel I-beam installation may be necessary. This involves placing heavy-duty steel beams against the damaged wall and anchoring them securely to the floor and overhead joists. The steel beams act as a reinforcement, redistributing the weight of the house and relieving pressure on the damaged wall. It’s a highly effective solution for walls that have severely cracked, bowed, or shifted due to foundation settlement or soil pressure.
While steel I-beam installation is a more involved repair process, it can provide peace of mind knowing that your foundation is properly supported and stabilized. And with the help of a skilled foundation repair professional, the entire process can often be completed in just a day or two.
3. Helical piers
Another powerful solution for structural foundation issues is the use of helical piers. These steel piers are essentially giant screws that are driven deep into the soil until they reach a stable layer of bedrock or load-bearing strata. Once in place, the piers are attached to the foundation, providing a solid, level base for the house to rest on. This process can effectively lift and stabilize a settling foundation, closing cracks and preventing further damage.
Helical piers can be used to restore foundations that were thought to be beyond repair. It’s a highly adaptable solution that can be customized to the unique needs of each home and soil condition.
While helical pier installation is a significant investment, it offers a permanent solution to serious foundation problems. And when you consider the potential cost and headache of letting structural issues go unchecked, it’s an investment that can pay off in the long run.
3 Common Repair Solutions for Non-Structural Wall Cracks
Not all foundation wall cracks are created equal. While structural cracks certainly demand attention, non-structural cracks caused by concrete shrinkage or minor settlement are much more common and typically easier to repair.
1. Epoxy Injection
One of the go-to repair methods for non-structural cracks in poured concrete walls is epoxy injection. This involves drilling small ports along the length of the crack and injecting a specialized epoxy resin into the void. As the epoxy cures, it bonds the two sides of the crack together, restoring strength and preventing water infiltration. It’s a relatively quick and non-invasive repair process that can be done from the interior of your basement, without the need for excavation.
At Crossroads, we’ve used epoxy injection on countless hairline and non-structural cracks over the years with amazing results. When done properly, the repair is virtually invisible and can last for the lifetime of your home.
2. Polyurethane injection
Another effective crack repair option is polyurethane injection. This method is similar to epoxy injection but uses an expanding polyurethane foam instead of a rigid epoxy. The benefit of polyurethane is that it remains flexible after curing, allowing it to accommodate minor foundation movement without cracking or breaking the seal.
This makes it an excellent choice for cracks in areas with high soil moisture or unstable soil conditions. We often recommend polyurethane injection for cracks that are actively leaking, as the expanding foam can fill even the tiniest gaps and crevices, creating a watertight seal.
3. Hydraulic cement application
For smaller, isolated cracks, a simple hydraulic cement application may be all that’s needed. Hydraulic cement is a fast-setting, water-activated cement that expands as it cures, filling and sealing cracks. To apply hydraulic cement, the crack is first cleaned out and dampened with water. The cement is then mixed to a putty-like consistency and pressed into the crack, smoothing it out to create a flush surface. While hydraulic cement is a quick and easy DIY repair option, it’s best suited for minor, non-structural cracks.
For larger or more extensive cracks, it’s always best to consult with a professional who can assess the situation and recommend the most appropriate repair method.
FAQs
Trust Experts with Your Walls
Remember, wide cracks, horizontal cracks, and cracks that let in water or grow rapidly are all red flags. Trust your gut – if a crack looks suspicious, it probably is.
Don’t let basement wall cracks catch you off guard. Stay vigilant, address issues promptly, and never hesitate to call in the pros when needed. Your home’s foundation (and your peace of mind) will thank you.
At Crossroads Foundation Repair, we have teams of dedicated experts with years of extensive experience fixing up homes with long-lasting solutions. No matter what problems you’re facing with your basement walls and foundation, we help you figure out the right way to solve it– without breaking the bank.
Call us today for a FREE inspection.
